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Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay

In our society today, many terminally ill people struggle with pain and fight through their diseases. No methods have been discovered to cure these poor people, but, everyday, he or she wishes for relief on their significant, unrelenting pain. Also, the only alternative method right now is to end their lives. There are two methods that many terminally ill people look to that are familiarized by our society: physician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. Meanwhile, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the act of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasia is illegal throughout the country. In my opinion, I believe that both voluntary acti ve euthanasia and physician assisted suicide should be legal in every state. To begin my argument, my first premise is that physician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia produce less suffering and satisfies the utilitarian moral theory. To defend this claim, let’s point out the consequences of these two processes. Both result in ending the patient’s life under their consent. Ending the patient’s life will produce less suffering because there is no cure, and the patient will not findShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide And Voluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesphysician assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is when the patient is prescribed lethal medicine by the doctor to commit suicide. While, voluntary active euthanasia is when a physician takes an active role in the action of killing the patient. There is often debate on whether or not any of these actions should be legalized in all states. Physician assisted suicide is legal in Oregon, California, Montana, Vermont, and Washington. Voluntary active euthanasia is illegalRead MoreEuthanasi Voluntary Active Euthanasia, Passive Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1143 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Heritage Dictionary euthanasia is defined as the art or practice of ending the life of a person or animal having a terminal illness or a medical condition that causes suffering. Euthanasia should be a individual choice to end a patient s life. This keeps them from going through excruciating pain due to an incurable disease. Some people think euthanasia should be out of the picture while others inquiry the effectiveness of these actions. With effectiveness, euthanasia is classified in threeRead MoreThe Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Released1181 Words   |  5 PagesDisease Control and Prevention released a suicide report in 2015 stating that in The United States, suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths. As many as 44,193 individuals have died per year, which means there is about 123 suicide deaths a day happening as of now in The United States (â€Å"Suicide Statistics†). This is only the statistics of deaths that have been successful in The United States, it is not counting all suicide deaths around the world nor suicide attempts. This alone is already a majorRead More Euthanasia Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhen a person commits an act of euthanasia, he/she brings about the death of another person because he/she believes that the latter’s present existence is so bad that he/she would be better off dead. The word euthanasia originated from the Greek language: eu means â€Å"good† and thanatos means â€Å"death†. The meaning of euthanasia is â€Å"the intentional termination of life by another at the explicit request of the person who dies† (Religious Tolerance). However, euthanasia has many different meanings, whichRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1635 Words   |  7 Pagespeacefully and with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide or active, voluntary euthanasia for an adult who is in a rational state of mind and whose suffering happens to be unbearable despite the strongest medical efforts, is an idea that should to be put into action. Euthanasia ought to be put into action to save a patient from experiencing needless pain and suffering; patients should be provided with the alternative of a peaceful and painless way out. Euthanasia is  the intentional killing of a dependentRead MoreEuthanasia Is A Medical Act Of A Physician Or Any Other Person?1016 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia is defined as the act of a physician or any other person intentionally killing a person by the administration of drugs, at that person’s voluntary and competent request. It is a ‘mercy killing’ which means to take a deliberate action aimed at ending a life to relieve intractable suffering or persisted pain. (Emanuel et al) Euthanasia could also be interpreted as the practice of ending a life painlessly. Euthanasia is technical description of the act regarding the process that is usuallyRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Is physician assisted suicide ethical? Physician assisted suicide is an up and coming ethical question that examines a person’s right to their own death. Many people support physician assisted suicide, citing that it can save a lot of pain and suffering. Others claim that the concept of physician assisted suicide is a slippery slope. A slippery slope in the sense that if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially acceptRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1536 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Murder â€Å"Euthanasia, also [known as] mercy killing, [is the] practice of ending another’s life with the aim of enabling the person to avoid severe suffering, typically from a terminal illness† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Furthermore, a study conducted in Washington State revealed that most of the participants who requested euthanasia had the diagnosis of cancer, neurological disease, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Back et al. 919). This study also uncovered that â€Å"the patient concerns mostRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is morally permissible? Voluntary Active Euthanasia is a controversial subject, Does one have the right to end their own life? According to Peter Singer in â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia: A utilitarian Perspective,† Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible under certain circumstances. If and only if certain requirements are met by certain parties can the process of voluntary active euthanasia be completed. Certain situations where Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible include;Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility of

Analysis on the Process Used in the Bank

Question: Discuss the various criteria and processes involved in the various lending and borrowing activities in a bank. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this report is to draw a qualitative research analysis focusing on comparison and differences in debt financing criteria based on the gender. The first part of the research gives a detailed analysis in terms of volume financed to the male applicants and the female applicants. The research analysis shows the complex relationship with regard to amount of loan amount disbursed to the male and female entrepreneurs. The study also shows the perceived notions of the bank officials lending the loan amount while grating of credit to the female entrepreneurs. The report also shows an analysis of discrimination in mortgage lending based on racial grounds from a case study conducted at Columbus in Ohio. The study shows how the various lending institutions treat the black loan applicants in a different way than when the white neighborhood applies for a loan. The second portion of the report lays emphasis to compare whether the differences in gender is the result of supply based di scrimination created by the bank lenders and financing lesser credit to the female entrepreneurs due to increased amount of risk. It also studies whether the criteria of debt financing are the result of the structural differences or the scale of operation of the business setup owned by a male or female entrepreneur (Saparito 2013). Role of women in entrepreneurship According to Eddleston (2014), in order to draw a critical analysis of the differences in the debt financing decisions, it is important to understand the role of women and their practice of running a business concern. In U.K. several economic development institutions have played a crucial role to boost self-employment among women and the urge to start a business as an independent entrepreneur. Although the large increase in the role of the female entrepreneurs the statistical evidence does not support the increment. In the U.S. the trend of women entering into entrepreneurship is lower in compared to U.K. and European countries (Cozarenco and Szafarz 2015). The researcher investigating the difference in financing due to gender factor are less likely to borrow external finance due to several reasons. The first reason is the difference in the structure of the business owned by a male or female entrepreneur. The second difference is related to the gender discrimination in the supply of credit. In various research studies based on experiment, it was found that the loan officers have evaluating criteria for funding of the credit and the study show that the differences in terms of the credit disbursed by the loan officers are to the disadvantage of the female entrepreneurs. The study also suggested that women entrepreneurs have lesser requirement for credit due to smaller size of business owned in compare to male entrepreneurs. Studies have also suggested that the discrimination in debt financing is based mainly in the size of the business owned rather that the gender of the loan applicant (Brana 2013) Studies also show that the discrimination aspect may also be an outcome of the socialization process from childhood. According to the research the gender socialization process has an impact on the bank officials, credit controller and even brokers. Gender socialization process has a direct influence on the individuals perception of asses a borrower and the process used for the negotiation process for loan disbursement (Milanov 2015). Racial Discrimination in Lending Services The study conducted at Columbus, Ohio states that the probability of the loan being rejected for the black loan applicants was much higher than the white mortgage applicants. It was also found that the white applicants had a higher probability of loan being denied in the minority communities. The geographic contingency states that the racial nature of discrimination is place-based. Research Methodology The research is based on a major clearing bank based in the U.K. shows that the difference in the debt financing decision based on the gender of the applicants. The data collection was done through interview process consisting of 16 male lpan officers and 19 female loan officers. A four page loan application form was designed for the applicants seeking finance for opening a new restaurant business. In order to avoid any biasness, the photograph and the last name of the applicants was removed. The name given the loan officer was Emma Jones and Jack Jones. The methodology was composed of two stages one being verbal protocol analysis and other being focused groups (Cesaroni 2013) The verbal protocol analysis deals with the reaction of the respondents while they were performing a job. The various data collected on the thought process, usage of words was then later used for transcription and analysis. The data was collected through interview process in three different banks. The interview involved 16 male lending officers and 19 female lending officers asses both the male and female loan applicants. The next stage involved analysis of the focused group to order to enhance and prove the validity of the experiment (Vershinina et al. 2015). The racial discrimination case study is based on the seven country in Ohio metropolitan area. In order to study the geographical contingency and impact on the race bases lending outcomes as per Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA)for individual loan applicants has been used. The research was conducted as a purpose to study the multi level analysis of the effect of race in lending decisions. (Brown et al. 2013). Findings and critical analysis The verbal protocol criteria of analysis of the various loan applications provided a total of 44 codes for analysis. The five core criteria for analysis involves personal attributes of the applicant, the policies of the loan, the nature of the business owned, the assumptions on the determining written plan prepared by the credit officers. The next set of criteria was to compare the findings based on the sex of the lender and the borrower (Thbaud and Sharkey 2014). The qualitative findings of the research based on the interview process shows the parameters for differences in the decision making process. The male credit officers were found to be providing more positive set of comments than the female loan officials. Most of the female credit officers were self contained in granting of credit than the male loan officers and they did not provide any decision regarding approval of the loan. The statistical findings through quantitative analysis showed that the male credit officers were more liberal in their decision making process, except for few cases were their involved resistant decision in approval of the credit requirements. The overall analysis suggests that although a significant number of loan applicants were supported by the decision of approving of the credit, only few credit officers were ready to finance the loan without getting an appointment with the loan applicant and meet them in the first place. The desire to meet the borrower part y was essential for further processing of the loan and the observations are paramount for the second stage of the data collection process (Derera et al. 2014). According to Carter et al. (2015), the lending process can be viewed as a process of supply chain which is driven by the professional introducers approaching the credit officers for requirement of the loan. The application of the various potential loan borrowers are screened by the designated bank officials. A study conducted on the lending process base on the sex of lender and the applicant showed female loan officers were more likely to consider their relationship with the professional introducers of the loans of the entrepreneurs. Among the selected female loan officers some of the officer reported of the down side of the unavailability of the lack of the female professional brokers. The verbal protocol analysis followed by focused group on the sex of the loan applicants and the lender shows the male loan officers were more likely to discuss on the requirement of the credit, the planning of the business operations and the significance of building a relationship with the borrower. In case of the female loan officers the officials were more likely to discuss on the process of credit disbursement and building a rapport with the professional introducers of the loan rather than the individual loan applicants. The female credit officers were also more concerned about the amount of credit which was to be granted to the borrower. The various statistical outcomes of the racial discrimination study show that the neighborhoods of Ohio which have more of White population get a better preference while applying for a loan. On the contrary the minority community ruled mainly by the black has more preference for the black loan applicants. The findings also show the importance of Columbuss demography. Based on series of statistical assumptions, the probability of a whites loan being rejected is fairly low. Although when the loan amount is small the denial factor for the white loan applicants is much higher. The relative drawback suffered by the black loan applicant is seen mainly, while a black applies for a loan in the white neighborhood. In the same way it is also observed that when a white applies for a loan from a black minority community the chances of small loans getting rejected is much more severe. (Hyra et al. 2013). Conclusions The various aspects of the critical analysis on the process used in the bank lending decisions shows new findings on the impact of lending decision based on the gender and nature of entrepreneurship. From the various research methods covered in this report shows the traditional studies demonstrated that the chance of finances being confronted by the female loan officers was higher due to increased entrants of women into banking sector. Through various research analyses in this report it was observed that the female credit officers were more likely to give importance on having an appointment with the applicant and the marital status. The emphasis on the marital status was directly related to personal stability and a criterion for financial stability. The male applicants were considered to be more financially sound than the females. The various analyses for the racial discrimination shows the reason for discrimination in mortgage lending cannot be determined without understanding geogr aphical contingent nature. But the traditional findings may not be having value on present economic situation. The black prove to be equally competent in meeting the requirements of financial institutions and tend to apply for more no. of home loans than the white. Reference List Brana, S., 2013. Microcredit: an answer to the gender problem in funding?. Small Business Economics, 40(1), pp.87-100. Brown, L.A., Webb, M.D. and Chung, S.Y., 2013. Housing foreclosure as a geographically contingent event: Columbus Ohio 20032007. Urban Geography, 34(6), pp.764-794. Carter, S., Mwaura, S., Ram, M., Trehan, K. and Jones, T., 2015. Barriers to ethnic minority and womens enterprise: Existing evidence, policy tensions and unsettled questions. International Small Business Journal, 33(1), pp.49-69. Cesaroni, F.M., Lotti, F. and Mistrulli, P.E., 2013. Female Firms and Banks Lending Behaviour: What Happened during the Great Recession?. Bank of Italy Occasional Paper, (177). Cozarenco, A. and Szafarz, A., 2015. Gender Biases in Bank Lending: Lessons from Microcredit in France. Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-20. Derera, E., Chitakunye, P. and ONeill, C., 2014. The Impact of Gender on Start-up Capital: A Case of Women Entrepreneurs in South Africa. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), pp.95-114. Eddleston, K.A., Ladge, J.J., Mitteness, C. and Balachandra, L., 2014. Do you see what I see? Signaling effects of gender and firm characteristics on financing entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Hyra, D.S., Squires, G.D., Renner, R.N. and Kirk, D.S., 2013. Metropolitan segregation and the subprime lending crisis. Housing Policy Debate, 23(1), pp.177-198. Milanov, H., Justo, R. and Bradley, S.W., 2015. Making the most of group relationships: The role of gender and boundary effects in microcredit groups. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(6), pp.822-838. Saparito, P., Elam, A. and Brush, C., 2013. BankFirm Relationships: Do Perceptions Vary by Gender?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), pp.837-858. Thbaud, S. and Sharkey, A.J., 2014. Unequal Hard Times: The Influence of The Great Recession on Gender Bias in Entrepreneurial Investment. Working Paper. Vershinina, N., Rodionova, Y. and Marlow, S., 2015. Does an Entrepreneurs Gender Matter for Credibility and Financing of SMEs?. In Female Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies (pp. 87-111). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Essay Example

Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Paper I. Background Morillion and Kopp founded Veja, an eco-sneaker company to serve the ethical fashion industry. This case focuses on the development of sustainable business practices in organic cotton, natural rubber and leather. Veja shows that they can create a product that is both appealing and conscientious. The company grew rapidly due to praise from the media and word of mouth. What leads to their success is the fact that they can integrate sustainable practices into a holistic and ever improving offering, which engages multiple supply chain participants (employees, consumers, suppliers, partners, even artists) in co-devising a value proposition that appeals not just to our sense of fashion, but also to our conscience. II. Challenges and Opportunities Veja encountered challenges due to their small-scale operation at first and the inherent fierce competition from big players in the market. Customers expect ethical products in the first place, so having eco-shoes in Veja’s production line may raise unnecessary costs. Since Veja does not spend on advertising, they may not be able to get the message to the customers that their stores are different from everyone else. In addition, supply for organic materials such as cotton and rubber are limited, which may hinder Veja’s future growth and interrupt their supply chain should adverse weather affect their sources. However, being the few players in the ethical fashion industry, Veja enjoy their first-mover advantage of selecting the finest suppliers. We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Sneakers with a Conscience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Sneakers with a Conscience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Veja Sneakers with a Conscience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, Veja entered the market at the right time because this niche market is growing at a fast rate. Customers are also embracing the green lifestyle and being more aware of ethical fashion. In addition, the corporate culture at Veja allows the employees to be happy, which in turn contribute to the success of the company. III. Veja’s business model vs. conventional model Veja’s business model resembles that of a small business with an entrepreneurial spirit. Since the company started very small, Veja founders were able to control every aspect of their business. The founders knew very little about the fashion industry, aside from the fact that both of them are sneaker addicts. The difference in Veja’s model is that the company learns by doing and making mistakes and willing to take some risks. Veja’s distribution is also different. Instead of having their own store or section for display, the company decided to place their products next to non-ethical brands. This may lead to consumers thinking that their products are just the same as the other name brands. However, this model works for them because Veja’s products are appealing to the mass and the fact that the products were placed in trendy avenues increased their appeals. Veja’s corporate culture is also different from that of conventional model. The company treats the employees well, allowing them lots of freedom and flexibility, paying higher wages than most fashion companies. Veja also encourage work-life balance which show they care for the employees’ happiness. As a result, Veja was able to keep a lot of the original talents. The founders created a supply chain that was based on sustainable relationships. Whereas the fashion industry was accustomed to contracting new parties as soon as a factory could deliver on time or cut costs, Veja tried to improve living conditions and to work cooperatively with supply chain to jointly develop the best product they could imagine. Veja bought raw materials directly from producers. The company paid a fixed price, which, though higher than the market price, was calculated by the farmers. This allowed the farmers to have a higher standard of living. Veja also works solely with cotton and rubber families to produce organic materials. Doing so not only help preserve the Amazon rainforest, but also employ the families in the poverty-stricken area of northern Brazil. Also, Veja continues to research ways to make leather sustainable and works in collaboration with specialist in the field to ensure a sustainable product. This type process improvement mentality is rarely seen in the fashion industry. In contrast to conventional business model, Veja employs two distinct strategies: zero ads and zero stock. Since most of the cost of producing a sneaker was dedicated to marketing, Veja was able to save on cost by having a no advertising policy. Veja benefitted widely from media coverage, blogs, and word of mouth due to their eco-friendly products and ethical business line. Also, most outlets had fewer Veja sneakers than they could sell. Veja did not produce extra, only according to orders placed six months in advance. Doing so ramped up Veja’s popularity because their products are now becoming scarce. Veja’s main business goal was not to make money only by having large volumes, but they want profitability with a conscience.